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OrthoImage 2013, OrthoImage
An orthoimage is useful as a layer of any geographic information system (GIS). It can function as a cartographic base for displaying, generating, and modifying associated digital planimetric data. Other applications include environmental impact assessments, disaster management, emergency evacuation planning, flood analysis, soil erosion assessment, facility management, ground-water and watershed analysis, right of way and road alignment, transportation network inventory and analysis, preliminary design studies, vegetation classification detection of physical features or attributes not possible at ground level, and a myriad of additional applications.
This raster dataset consists of 8-bit, 4-band (R, G, B, NIR) color orthoimagery. A digital orthoimage is a raster image processed from vertical aerial images in which displacement in the image due to sensor orientation and terrain relief have been removed. Orthoimagery combines the image characteristics of an image with the geometric qualities of a map. Unlike planimetric maps which depict natural and manmade features by means of lines, point symbols, texts and polygons, orthoimagery illustrate the actual images of features and are thus more easily interpreted than regular maps. The normal orientation of data in an orthoimage is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. Each image tile is stored in industry standard .TIFF (tagged interchange file format) with an associated true world header file. Aerial imagery was acquired during February 2013 from flying heights of approximately 7,500 feet above mean terrain. Each orthoimage tile is 5,000 feet X 5,000 feet in dimension, edge-tied with the adjacent tiles (no gap and no overlap). This dataset is published in NAD_1983_NSRS2007_StatePlane_Mississippi_West_FIPS_2302_Ft_US with units in feet.
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Data is uncleaned and may be used with permission.
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ArcGIS Metadata ►
Citation ►
TITLE 2013 OrthoImagery
CREDITS
Resource Constraints ►
CONSTRAINTS LIMITATIONS OF USE
Data is uncleaned and may be used with permission.
Distribution ►
DISTRIBUTOR ►
TRANSFER OPTIONS
ONLINE SOURCE
file://\\conas\projects\312013403_M2MAP\Ortho\doc\metadata\6in_Lincoln_County_20 13_Orthos
Metadata Details ►
ARCGIS METADATA PROPERTIES
METADATA FORMAT ESRI-ISO
CREATED IN ARCGIS FOR THE ITEM 2013-10-02 16:10:58
LAST MODIFIED IN ARCGIS FOR THE ITEM 2013-12-10 09:00:05
AUTOMATIC UPDATES
HAVE BEEN PERFORMED No
CITATION
CITATION INFORMATION
ORIGINATOR Hinds County PUBLICATION DATE 2013-09 TITLE
2013 OrthoImagery
GEOSPATIAL DATA PRESENTATION FORM remote-sensing image
OTHER CITATION DETAILS
2013 OrthoImage in TIFF/TFW Format
ONLINE LINKAGE
\\conas\projects\312013403_M2MAP\Ortho\doc\metadata\Hinds_County_2013_Or thos
DESCRIPTION ABSTRACT
This raster dataset consists of 8-bit, 4-band (R, G, B, NIR) color orthoimagery. A digital orthoimage is a raster image processed from vertical aerial images in which displacement in the image due to sensor orientation and terrain relief have been removed. Orthoimagery combines the image characteristics of an image with the geometric qualities of a map. Unlike planimetric maps which depict natural and
manmade features by means of lines, point symbols, texts and polygons, orthoimagery illustrate the actual images of features and are thus more easily interpreted than regular maps. The normal orientation of data in an orthoimage is by lines (rows) and samples (columns). Each line contains a series of pixels ordered from west to east with the order of the lines from north to south. Each image tile is stored in industry standard .TIFF (tagged interchange file format) with an associated true world header file. Aerial imagery was acquired during February 2013 from flying heights of approximately 7,500 feet above mean terrain. Each orthoimage tile is 5,000 feet X 5,000 feet in dimension, edge-tied with the adjacent tiles (no gap and no overlap).
This dataset is published in NAD_1983_NSRS2007_StatePlane_Mississippi_West_FIPS_2302_Ft_US with units in feet.
PURPOSE
An orthoimage is useful as a layer of any geographic information system (GIS). It can function as a cartographic base for displaying, generating, and modifying associated digital planimetric data. Other applications include environmental impact assessments, disaster management, emergency evacuation planning, flood analysis, soil erosion assessment, facility management, ground-water and watershed analysis, right of way and road alignment, transportation network inventory and analysis, preliminary design studies, vegetation classification detection of physical features or attributes not possible at ground level, and a myriad of additional applications.
TIME PERIOD OF CONTENT TIME PERIOD INFORMATION SINGLE DATE/TIME CALENDAR DATE 2013-09
TIME OF DAY unknown
CURRENTNESS REFERENCE
publication date
STATUS
PROGRESS Complete
MAINTENANCE AND UPDATE FREQUENCY As needed
SPATIAL DOMAIN BOUNDING COORDINATES
WEST BOUNDING COORDINATE -90.777 EAST BOUNDING COORDINATE -90.021 NORTH BOUNDING COORDINATE 32.592 SOUTH BOUNDING COORDINATE 32.032
KEYWORDS
THEME
THEME KEYWORD THESAURUS Rectified Imagery
THEME KEYWORD OrthoImage 2013
THEME KEYWORD OrthoImage
PLACE
PLACE KEYWORD THESAURUS Hinds County, Mississippi
PLACE KEYWORD Hinds County, Mississippi
TEMPORAL
TEMPORAL KEYWORD THESAURUS 2013
TEMPORAL KEYWORD 2013
ACCESS CONSTRAINTS
May be distributed with the permission of Development Services- Mapping Section
USE CONSTRAINTS
Data is uncleaned and may be used with permission.
POINT OF CONTACT CONTACT INFORMATION CONTACT PERSON PRIMARY
CONTACT PERSON Stephen Champlin
CONTACT ORGANIZATION Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) CONTACT POSITION Geospatial Resources Division/Flood Mapping Director CONTACT ADDRESS
ADDRESS TYPE mailing and physical address
ADDRESS P.O. Box 2279
CITY Jackson
STATE OR PROVINCE MS POSTAL CODE 39225-2279 COUNTRY UNITED STATES
CONTACT VOICE TELEPHONE 601 353 6056
HOURS OF SERVICE 8:30am - 5:30pm EST
NATIVE DATA SET ENVIRONMENT
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.5.1450
LOGICAL CONSISTENCY REPORT
The digital imagery for each acquisition sortie is differentially rectified to produce orthophotography at a resolution of 6in. Once the imagery has passed quality control review, final radiometric adjustments are performed to create a uniform overall appearance.
COMPLETENESS REPORT
Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the collection of airborne GPS data and by referencing the ground control points.
POSITIONAL ACCURACY
HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY REPORT
Horizontal accuracy is based on ground control and digital elevation model data provided by Sanborn Map Company that was used in the production of the digital orthoimagery.
QUANTITATIVE HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY VALUE 1
HORIZONTAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY EXPLANATION
The digital orthoimagery accuracy requirement meets the Hinds County Requirement of ASPRS Class 1 of clearly identifiable features within the photography. The orthoimagery has been compared to the airborne GPS and surveyed locations to confirm the requirement has been met.
VERTICAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY VERTICAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY REPORT
For the orthophoto product, there is no vertical accuracy. QUANTITATIVE VERTICAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT VERTICAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY VALUE 1
VERTICAL POSITIONAL ACCURACY EXPLANATION
For the orthophoto product, there is no vertical accuracy.
LINEAGE
SOURCE INFORMATION
TYPE OF SOURCE MEDIA Aerial Images
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Several major processes were done before the Hinds County orthophotos were produced namely: digital aerial photography, imagery processing and QC, softcopy aerial triangulation and QC, ortho-rectification and QC.
Aerial Photography: Aerial Photography was acquired with 80 mm focal length, Micorsoft Utltracam Eagle precision digital aerial mapping camera during February and early March of 2013. Aerial photography was flown at approximately 7500 feet above mean terrain. Planes were deployed with gyro-stabilized mount and equipped with forward motion compensation, Ariborne GPS and Intertial Measurement Unit. The photo mission was conducted under optimal atmospheric conditions and greater than 30 degree sun angle.
PROCESS DATE 201302-201303
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The digital aerial imagery was transferred from the UCEcamera to a Mass Storage Unit (MSU) and shipped to Sanborn's main facility in Colorado Springs. Once downloaded, Data is processed via Micorsoft ultramap software from the raw camera format to a 4- band unsharpened color image and a pan image. An application is executed that outputs the mid-exposure pulse for each image. At this point a POS file is processed photo files as input to the Aerial Triangulation process. Raw camera data files are archived on LTO3 tapes. The imagery is processed using Intergraph PPS processing software to create a 3-band color image in natural color (RGB) format. The images are archived (on LTO3 tapes) and removed from system when orthophotography production has been completed.
PROCESS DATE 201303-201304
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Softcopy (Digital) Aerotriangulation: This task involved the densification of ground control points, measurement of photo coordinates, computation and block adjustment to solve for exterior orientation parameters of individual photographs necessary for ortho-rectification. New ground control locations surveyed by the Sanborn map company; a combination of photo-identical points and targeted points were used. The ground control points were measured in a fully digital environment using softcopy stereoplotters and tie point and passpoints automatically generated. Analytical aerotriangulation computations and adjustment were done using ZI Imaging's ISAT software, which is capable of performing bundle block adjustments using a rigorous least squares analysis, and possesses error detection and removal facilities. Systematic error corrections for lens distortion, earth curvature, and atmospheric refraction.
State-of-the-art software with highly sophisticated error-detection routines was used to perform the computation and bundle block adjustment. Trained aerial triangulation specialist analyzed both numerical printouts and graphical error vector output display to detect gaps or holes in the block due to missing tie points, pass points or ground control.
PROCESS DATE 201303-201305
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Client Provided Lidar: Sanborn will use the clinet provided lidar for Hinds County, MS.
PROCESS DATE 2013-05
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Orthorectification: This task involved orthorectification of the raw digital raster images that were created from processing of Micorsoft Ultracam Eagle digital camera data. A
number of image processing techniques were used to maximize the quality of the deliverable images. All operations were performed using Sanborn's proprietary APS (METRO) software. The un-rectified raster images were georeferenced to the Hinds County client provided Lidar Surface using the digital aerotriangulation result and aerial camera data. Digital orthoimagery was created by draping the un-rectified raster images over their corresponding digital terrain models. All relief displacement was removed from the raw image files at ground level on a pixel-by-pixel basis using mathematical pixel manipulation and seams, yielding a set of orthorectified digital photo images. Mosaicking was performed to ensure a perfect edge match between all orthoimage tiles. Seam lines were generated automatically and manually manipulated where necessary to ensure that no image flaws result from seam lines passing through tall structures. Seamline calculations bring in radiometric values of the pixels that are used first and then the terrain is brought into the equation. The software uses the radiometric values to go around cars and buildings the best it can. If the software detects a substantial change in the surface (like steep hills to cliffs), the software will try to compensate with another image, to avoid smearing of the imagery. If the seams would not compensate for the surface change, it would create a smear or the hillside would be more stretched than it should be. There will be on occasion patches of seams hiding these terrain changes. All orthoimagery tiles were generated butt joints, no overlaps nor gaps. Radiometric adjustment was performed to balance and match color tones, brightness and contrast of the imagery over the whole project.
Color orthoimagery were produced 8-bit per channel, resulting in 32-bit RGB, .tif/.tfw format with a pixel size of 6in. Ortho tiles were generated according to the pre- approved County orthoimagery tile layout, with tiles 5,000' X 5,000'. Orthoimages were compressed on a County basis to .sid/.sdw format at a 20:1 compression ratio to develop a MrSID format mosaic.
PROCESS DATE 201305-201306
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Quality Control All orthophoto tiles were thoroughly inspected according to Sanborn QA/QC quality control procedures. Comprehensive visual inspection included looking for mosaicking, image smearing and color balancing across the entire project.
PROCESS DATE 201307-201309
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Metadata imported.
PROCESS DATE 2013-09
PROCESS STEP PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Dataset copied.
SOURCE USED CITATION ABBREVIATION
Z:\312013403_M2MAP\Ortho\doc\metadata\Hinds_County_2013_Orthos
PROCESS DATE 2013-10-02
PROCESS TIME 16:10:58
CLOUD COVER 0
DIRECT SPATIAL REFERENCE METHOD Raster
RASTER OBJECT INFORMATION RASTER OBJECT TYPE Pixel
HORIZONTAL COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINITION PLANAR
GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM
GRID COORDINATE SYSTEM NAME State Plane Coordinate System
STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM SPCS ZONE IDENTIFIER FIPS_2302 TRANSVERSE MERCATOR
SCALE FACTOR AT CENTRAL MERIDIAN 0.99995000 LONGITUDE OF CENTRAL MERIDIAN -90.33333333 LATITUDE OF PROJECTION ORIGIN 29.50000000 FALSE EASTING 2296583.33333333
FALSE NORTHING 0.00000000
PLANAR COORDINATE INFORMATION
PLANAR COORDINATE ENCODING METHOD row and column
COORDINATE REPRESENTATION ABSCISSA RESOLUTION 6in ORDINATE RESOLUTION 6in
PLANAR DISTANCE UNITS survey feet
GEODETIC MODEL
HORIZONTAL DATUM NAME North American Datum of 1983
ELLIPSOID NAME Geodetic Reference System 80
SEMI-MAJOR AXIS 6378137.000000000000000000
DENOMINATOR OF FLATTENING RATIO 298.257222101000020000
VERTICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM DEFINITION ALTITUDE SYSTEM DEFINITION
ALTITUDE DATUM NAME North American Vertical Datum of 1988
ALTITUDE RESOLUTION 6in
ALTITUDE DISTANCE UNITS feet
ALTITUDE ENCODING METHOD Implicit coordinate
DEPTH SYSTEM DEFINITION
DEPTH DATUM NAME North American Vertical Datum of 1988
DEPTH RESOLUTION 6in
DEPTH DISTANCE UNITS feet
DEPTH ENCODING METHOD Implicit coordinate
DISTRIBUTOR
CONTACT INFORMATION CONTACT PERSON PRIMARY
CONTACT PERSON Stephen Champlin
CONTACT ORGANIZATION Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) CONTACT POSITION Geospatial Resources Division/Flood Mapping Director CONTACT ADDRESS
ADDRESS TYPE mailing and physical address
ADDRESS P.O. Box 2279
CITY Jackson
STATE OR PROVINCE MS
POSTAL CODE 39225-2279
COUNTRY UNITED STATES
CONTACT VOICE TELEPHONE 601-961-5506
HOURS OF SERVICE 8:30am - 4:30pm EST
STANDARD ORDER PROCESS DIGITAL FORM
DIGITAL TRANSFER INFORMATION FORMAT NAME TIFF TRANSFER SIZE 415744
METADATA DATE 2013-09-18
METADATA CONTACT CONTACT INFORMATION
CONTACT ORGANIZATION PRIMARY
CONTACT ORGANIZATION Sanborn Mapping Company, Inc
CONTACT PERSON Derek Hoshijo
CONTACT ADDRESS
ADDRESS TYPE mailing address
ADDRESS 1935 Jamboree Drive, Suite 100
CITY Colorado Springs STATE OR PROVINCE CO POSTAL CODE 80920 COUNTRY UNITED STATES
CONTACT VOICE TELEPHONE 719-593-0093
HOURS OF SERVICE 8:30am - 4:30pm EST
METADATA STANDARD NAME FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
METADATA STANDARD VERSION FGDC-STD-001-1998
METADATA TIME CONVENTION local time